Most of the children living in third world countries are suffering from poverty which resulted in major problems that are effecting their living standards. However, minor interventions could make a huge difference.  
One of the major countries suffering from poverty is Egypt. According to United Nations 30 percent of the populations live below the poverty line. Egyptians with poor and overcrowded housing, have problems receiving the right health care thus suffering from many diseases; one of these diseases is Asthma. According to WHO the number of people suffering from Asthma in Egypt is approximately 4,871,515 people.
Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the lungs in which the airways are reversibly narrowed. If the disease kills at least 1 person every minute although 90% of these deaths could be prevented if treated. 
Therefore can design help create an affordable Asthma treatment for the poor in Egypt?
The aim of this project is to find a product that treats Asthma at low costs and using durable, reusable material and because it’s a part where design can contribute effectively by focusing on adapting the nebuliser to fit the requirements of the poor living in Egypt. 

Concept

According to the previous studies and analysis concerning the situation and demands of the Asthmatic children born in the less fortunate areas of Egypt, i was able to present them a group of concepts concentrating on the technicality and efficiency of the treatment of Asthma through a modified version of the nebuliser.

The aim of the project is to redesign the nebuliser in a way that makes it as efficient and as cheap as possible, by reusing objects and materials available and affordable to the people suffering from poverty and lack of health programs in Egypt.

The three concepts that are shown are analysed clearly and are evaluated according to their advantages and disadvantages.
After several analysis and trials it was decided that concept 3 was  the best suitable solution to the problem at hand.

Concept #1

The main aim of this concept was to transfer the medication into mist manually through a medical foot pump.
The pump forces the air into a thin tube causing it to move at high pressure reaching the container filled with medication thus forcing the medication to transform into mist, which is later on inhaled by the patient. 

Pros: 
The adjusted nebuliser would have been:

• cheaply manufactured
• portable 
• has no use of electricity.

Cons: 
• the need of constant pressure to give 4 liters per minute of gas for 10 minutes wouldn’t have been achieved due to the manual foot pump. 
• Also the action of pumping is exhausting for the patient who is already having a difficulty in breathing.

Concept #2 

as an improvement of concept 1, a container was needed to contain the amount of gas needed to supply for inhalation. 

The portable stove, which is available in every poor Egyptian house could be modified into a secure tank for the gas to be stored.
The experiment was done at Meditec company which is specialized in biomedical equipment.

Pros:
• The experiment was effective and medication vapours was released from the nebuliser.
• It was cheaply manufactured.
• It was reused an appliance available in every poor house.

Cons:
• The portable stove container was too small to contain the gas needed. It only worked for 3 minutes. 
• The pressure of the gas was high because the in-availability of a pressure valve thus causing the tubes to burst.

Concept #3 

According to the cons of the previous experiment and further analysis, a bigger container was in need to contain the amount needed for an average session of inhalation. 

Among further research it was noticed that Freon cylinders used for Air Conditioner were thrown away after the Freon gas was consumed.

So, after many experiments it was concluded that the cylinder was of perfect size, which made it possible for it to contain the 4 ftcv litres needed per session. With minor adjusted explained later, it was noticed that concept three was effective in the treatment of severe Asthma attacks in children suffering from poverty in Egypt.

After a series of experiments and analysis it was derived that the most suitable solution to the problem at hand was concept 3.
concept 3 is an adjustment to the nebulisers available in the market. Most of these nebulisers;
• Need of electricity to work due to their mechanisim.
• Are expensive due to the advanced technology installed in them.
So the focus was on producing a nebuliser that did not require electricty nor was expensive, and also putting in consideration that the modified nebuliser should be made of reusable material to support the main concept of making it affordable. 
• The nebuliser would work manually using a hand pump.
• Pressured air would be blown into the Freon cylinder acquiring a volume of 4L of gas using a hand pump thus the gas would be stored for future use or immediate use of the nebuliser. this will make it more user friendly for the patient, he will not excilirate effort pumping air during the session, and also unconstant pressure of air would be avoided.
• The gas will then pass through the flow meter adjusting the pressure, which will help avoid the bursting of the tubes which has occurred in previous concepts.
• After the gas pressure is modified , it passes through a container, containing the medicine needed to treat severe Asthma attacks. 
When the gas enters the container at high pressure, it forces the medication to transform into mist. Afterwards the mist reaches the mask where it is inhaled by the patient. This process occurs at a constant rate for ten minutes, which is enough to supply one complete session of Asthma treatment.

How to use

1. The user attaches a pump to the safety valve and pumps air into it.

2. Then fills the medicine container with the medication needed.

3. The user then turns the cylinder  valve on.

4. Then turns the flow meter valve on.

5. The patient then puts on the inhalation mask and starts inhaling the medication mist.